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Sea transport systems
Sea transport systems in today's shipping market have evolved into three separate but closely connected segments: bulk shipping, liner shipping and specialized shipping. Although these segments belong to the same industry, each carries out different tasks and has a very different character.
Large homogeneous parcels such as iron ore, coal and grain are carried by the ''bulk shipping'' industry, small parcels of general cargo are carried by the ''liner shipping'' industry and specialised cargoes shipped in large volumes are transported by the ''specialized shipping'' industry. These three cargo streams create demand for bulk transport, liner transport and specialized transport. A major distinction is drawn between the fleets of ships owned by companies moving their own cargo in their own ships and the ships owned by independent shipowners and chartered to the cargo owners.
==Bulk shipping==
(詳細はraw materials and bulky semi-manufactures. This is a very distinctive business. Bulk vessels handle few transactions, typically completing about six voyages with a single cargo each year, so the average revenue depends on a dozen of negotiations per ship each year. In addition, service levels are usually low so little overhead is required to run the ships and organize the cargo.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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